Inadequate Dosages
Dosages must be adequate and maintained for symptom relief. Ascorbic acid is the only form recommended and used in Tower products. (For example, a calcium ascorbate form would provide too much calcium at the dosages recommended by Linus Pauling and could contribute to arterial wall calcium deposits. We have had reports of failure using calcium ascorbate.)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 6,000 to 18,000 mg daily. Pauling recommended 6,000 to 18,000 mg of pure ascorbic acid daily. Generally, the higher the dosage of vitamin C the more rapid the response. Bowel tolerance (See Vitamin C - Titrating to Tolerance) ranges from 4 to 20 grams daily. Our experience is that as much as 8,000 mg may be required for six months to substantially lower total cholesterol. Per Pauling's book, How to Live Longer and Feel Better (1986), it is acceptable to add some baking soda to make swallowing easier. Keep in mind that drug store vitamin C contains additional additives that can be toxic at the levels that Pauling recommended. Tower's Pauling therapy formulas contain no fillers, binders or preservatives and are completely safe at high levels.
Lysine 5,000 mg daily. On video Linus Pauling recommends supplementing with 5 g to 6 g (5,000 to 6,000 mg) of lysine for advanced disease. We know of one 70-year-old man whose 50% blockage was reversed on as little as 2,500 mg of lysine daily for one month. There is no reason to believe that there is additional heart benefit from supplementing more than 6,000 mg daily, and 2,000 to 3,000 mg may work for many people.
Blockages of Greater Than 90%
There must be blood flow in order for the product to work. Great success is reported when blood flow is 50% or greater. Less success is reported when blood flow is estimated at 10% of normal (90% blockage), and there is usually almost no success when the artery is 100% blocked. However, use of the Pauling therapy in these cases is still recommended to address other arterial plaques that may be forming.
Prescription Statins and Blood Thinners
Statin drugs prescribed for lowering cholesterol can cause cardiomyopathy. Many heart medications make patients worse. Specifically, the statin cholesterol-lowering drugs (e.g. Lipitor ® and Zocor®) are known to block the synthesis of Coenzyme Q10, leading to muscle myopathy and heart failure. Higher dosages of the statin cholesterol-lowering drugs (80 mg) are increasing the cases of heart failure and cardiomyopathy. We believe that this causes resistant angina pain - pain that is not eliminated by the Pauling vitamin C/lysine therapy.
Blood Thinners (Coumadin/Warfarin/heparin). Common blood thinners block vitamin K causing rapid calcification of soft tissues. (See 150 Medline citations for a detailed description of this issue.)
Medicated and Radiation Type Stents
Many patients on the Pauling therapy already had bare metal stents implanted at the time they began to take vitamin C and lysine, and for years there were no reported problems. In fact, almost every stent recipient reported "miraculous" results - until recently.
There has been a change in conventional cardiology to the use of "medicated stents" in the past few years These newer so-called "medicated" stents are coated with a chemotherapeutic agent that deadens or kills the inside of the artery. This approach, as well as stents with radiation pellets, eliminates any possibility that the Pauling therapy can work. The vitamin C/lysine therapy depends on the artery healing itself - properly. The new stents and procedures interfere with healing.
Elevated Blood Sugar/Insulin Resistance/Diabetes
After more than a decade of great success with the Pauling therapy, we began getting reports of relapses in Type II diabetics. These individuals had great initial success but required angioplasty/stent and or heart bypass after a considerable period of time. (In one case, I.V. Chelation therapy "worked wonders" for the individual who was again experiencing angina.)
Combining ideas from several different sources including Drs. John Ely and Sherry Lewin, there is strong evidence that even minimally elevated blood sugar "crowds" out vitamin C from entering cells. This is called "Glucose-Ascorbate Antagonism (GAA)."
Vitamin C has an extremely short half-life, competes with glucose for insulin-mediated transport into cells, and is broken down faster in the gut in the presence of carbohydrates. Additionally, if Thomas Smith is right (see Our Deadly Diabetes Deception), a membrane disturbance in diabetics would make it even more difficult for vitamin C to enter cells. The good news is that this cell membrane problem can be corrected by avoiding processed fats (trans fats and hydrogenated oils) and supplementing with virgin Omega 3/6 oils. As blood sugar is lowered more vitamin C becomes available to cells.
Pauling therapy users must keep blood sugar low and avoid carbohydrates for maximum effect of the Pauling therapy. R-alpha lipoic acid (ALA) helps diabetics lower their blood sugar and ALA may be an important adjunct for people with both heart disease and Type II diabetes.
Additionally, for a comprehensive discussion about diabetes, insulin resistance, and the role of insulin in the development of coronary artery disease, see Insulin and Its Metabolic Effects (e-mail address required).
Smoking
Cigarette smoking creates toxic loads that use up vitamin C levels in the blood of smokers. In fact, cigarette smoking depletes vitamin C levels so much that in 1989 the National Research Council revised the smoker's recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamin C, raising it from 60 milligrams — the RDA for the general population — to 100 mg. However, research since 1989 suggests that the revised RDA for this vitamin still falls far short for smokers. It is recommended that you stop smoking if you intend to undertake the Pauling therapy for heart disease prevention or reversal.
Dental Toxicity
Root canals and heavy metal amalgams create toxic loads that deplete vitamin C levels in the blood. Cardiologist Thomas Levy, M.D., J.D., and dentist Hal Huggins, D.D.S., believe that all root canals eventually become toxic and drain vitamin C levels in the body. Levy and Huggins have written a book about dental toxicity entitled, Uninformed Consent: The Hidden Dangers in Dental Care. Levy stresses that unless this toxicity is removed, vitamin C supplements are far less effective. In the following discussion Dr. Levy compares taking vitamin C in these instances to fighting a 'stream' of toxicity with a vitamin 'blow dryer':
"First and foremost, and I regret this perhaps was not emphasized enough in the book Stop America’s #1 Killer, heart patients must address all chronic dental toxicity, especially root canals and advanced periodontal disease. A blow dryer on a stream of (toxic) water has no effect. You stop the stream, and the dryer can finally take effect.
On the question of root canal toxicity, in our book we mention that of the more than 5,000 consecutive root canals extracted and tested in a laboratory, 100% were highly toxic. The root canal procedure is fatally flawed and assures that the patient leaves the office with an infected tooth that only worsens over time.
I have seen a single root canal cause fulminantly progressive coronary disease, in spite of perfect supplementation. Post-extraction, it stopped progressing and even began reversing almost immediately."
— Thomas Levy in private correspondence
The following individual circumstances can cause the Pauling therapy to be less successful or fail in some cases:
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